(above: Miklos Rozsa conducts a scoring session at Universal Studios Soundstage 10 in the 1940s)
Perhaps the most famous studio fanfare is the one associated with
"20th Century-Fox" by the legendary Alfred Newman. Newman had started
in Hollywood as an arranger for United Artists, but began his film
composing career in 1931 with a Samuel Goldwyn picture called "Street
Scene." The main theme of this film was used in several ways: as a
motif for cues in other filmscores, in an concert overture which
became famous on its own, as a popular trumpet instrumental called
"Sentimental Rhapsody", then as a secondary THEME for the radio
series "My Friend Irma" and later as an on-screen overture to the
1954 picture "How To Marry A Millionaire" where Newman is seen
conducting the studio orchestra on camera before the picture begins.
(But contrary to popular belief, the famous "Twentieth Century-Fox
Fanfare" was not heard at the beginning of Newman's first picture,
"Street Scene.")
The story is thus: Originally Alfred Newman worked for United
Artists, whose company also distributed the films of Darryl F.
Zanuck's "20th-Century Films." In 1933 Newman was named "General
Music Director" of Zanuck's "20th Century Films".
Correspondence with Ed Nassour, VP of Post Production for
20th-Century Fox verified that the original "20th Century Trade Mark"
fanfare was recorded on the United Artists Soundstage 7 on the Santa
Monica Blvd. studio lot, during the early 1930s (when Darryl Zanuck's
20th Century Films were being distributed by United Artists, but
before 20th Century Films merged with Fox Studios.) Nassour said, "It
wasn't until the early fifties that Newman made a new recording at
Fox. He recorded the original version and it was used in a few select
films."
In 1953, when Cinemascope was introduced, the first picture to be
filmed using this wide-screen technology was the Biblical drama "The
Robe" which Newman also scored. But this religious epic used an
appropriately solemn choral overture behind the opening visual
trademark. No trademark fanfare appeared at all.
The second film released in Cinemascope was the 1954 frolic called
"How To Marry a Millionaire." Although composer Newman is a very big
part of the opening of this film, it is in the role of conductor of
his studio orchestra in the performance of an orchestral version of
"Street Scene" as a concert overture. To make the Cinemascope format
seem even more like an "event" technology, Mr. Newman and the
orchestra are seen on-screen performing this "overture" in
wide-screen Cinemascope before the action of the film begins. But the
trademark fanfare is heard at the beginning in its earlier shorter
length -- not yet extended for promoting Cinemascope.
Ed Nassour speculated (and subsequent research has confirmed) that
the "CinemaScope Extension" was first added to the "20th Century-Fox
Fanfare" for the score of "River Of No Return" (a 1954 Robert Mitchum
picture filmed in Technicolor in Canada to include the spectacular
rugged scenery.) This picture was scored by Cyril Mockridge with
songs by Lionel Newman (Alfred Newman's brother) who conducted the
studio orchestra. That is the version that eventually was filed as
an actual Trademark with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. (The
most recent version of the fanfare is Trademark #74629287.)
Thereafter Alfred Newman's musical TradeMark had the longer title of
the "20th-Century Fox Fanfare with Cinemascope Extension". It also
had a more definite ending cadence. Sometimes a theater would open
their curtains even wider during the extension, to dramatize how much
wider Cinemascope was than the standard 4:3 aspect-ratio screen used
by earlier films, and especially by that nemesis of the motion
picture -- the fledgling gadget called television.
Ed Nassour writes, "The Cinemascope extension was recorded on six
tracks, three with close perspective, left center and right and three
with a long shot pick up with the microphones at the back of the
stage. This was the normal setup for stereo recordings made at Fox.
The [introductory] snare drums [actually military field
drums, or "tenor" snare drums] were recorded on a separate pass
and later mixed together. In 1997 David Newman conducted the
Cinemascope version in a new recording to christen the reopening of
our scoring stage now known as The Newman Stage. I had him do a new
version of the TV logo that Lionel Newman had conducted for all those
classic Fox TV series back in the sixties. Due to the severe time
constraint placed on logo music by the networks (3 seconds) the
orchestra played so fast that they sounded as if they were on
helium!"
Other Studio Logos had a more well-documented beginning. Franz
Waxman's opening to MGM's "Philadelphia Story" (1940) included a
fanfare for a new visual trademark. It was known from that point on
as the "MGM Fanfare", replacing one composed previously by Leroy
Shield (who also wrote the "Our Gang Comedies/Little Rascals" theme
music).
Even low-budget studios like Republic used signature pieces behind
their trademark "emblems" shown at the beginning of their serials,
and for episodic Chapter openings.
Technologies besides Fox Cinemascope had their own logo too, as
illustrated by the Signature IDs which were created especially for
Cinerama, VistaVision, and NBC Color Television.
Some trademark logos evolved as time went on. It almost seems like
the influences of the individual film score and perhaps studio
politics influenced this evolution of studio logos in some cases.
For example, at a special collections archive containing film
scores, I've had the privilege of comparing the manuscript scores of
several Paramount films which began with the Trademark
Fanfare composed by Nathan Van Cleave during the early 1950s. Mr. Van
Cleave was the studio's main orchestrator during this period. This
rather unusual and dramatic wide screen visual trademark had an
equally dramatic musical treatment -- a polychordal melody, with bass
and inner parts in a fugal contrary motion. This Fanfare originally
included quotes of the earlier "Paramount Signature" of Janis and
King used as the concluding motif of "Paramount On Parade". At the
height of the wide-screen technology wars -- when VistaVision was
challenging Cinerama -- the VistaVision Trademark Fanfare was
expanded to a dazzling length and effect.
When used to open "White Christmas" it even included a modulation to
a glittering intro which then segued into the main song of the
picture -- the familiar tune "White Christmas". This "sparkling"
motif from the "White Christmas" intro was pretty effective, so it
was then used for subsequent versions of the logo in later films but
moved to the front of the logo. In later films, alas, this logo
eventually was cut back to a shorter version after the novelty of the
technology was less important to promote. It is sometimes called the
"Paramount Seal" in later soundtrack recordings.
When television arrived, the film studios which had TV divisions
(Revue, for example, at Universal) commisioned logos to use at the
END of their filmed TV shows (sometimes called the "hitch-hike" or
"trailer.") Juan Esquivel (yes THAT Esquivel) teamed up with Revue
music director Stanley Wilson to create one of the most identifiable
TV logos for series distributed by Universal/MCA-TV. It's not clear
how two composers are needed to collaborate on a piece of music that
is only four measures long. [A later version expanded the logo to
a standard "tune" length, so perhaps that THEME was the derivation
which became the short logo...] In subsequent years, the 4-bar
logo was shortened and re-arranged by Pete Rugolo, Jack Marshall,
Quincy Jones and Robert Prince.
Unfortunately in the overlapping style of network television today,
in the desperate effort to minimize "tune-out", there may be no time
for such "icing on the cake." At the end of one show, closing credits
seem to merge into a promo for another, which segues into the next
show without a break. But then, at the movies, there are still a few
seconds of time for logos...at least for now...
In researching these compositions, I find it odd that relatively few of them were filed for copyright individually. Perhaps the studios felt since the music was so short and was associated with the visual logo, that the film or video treatment plus the music combined was more of a corporate ID than two separate works of art needing protection from infringers. Of course, some were part of larger film scores which may have been copyrighted.
At any rate, here are the principal compositions used for film and TV logos. In the past, logos were also known as "signatures", "fanfares", "emblems", "I Ds" and "trademarks". This list has been compiled from ASCAP, BMI, and other sources:
Title: FOX TITLE
Writer(s): KAY, ARTHUR (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TWENTIETH CENTURY MUSIC CORP (ASCAP)
Copyright: April 12, 1930; Eu 20 154.
Renewal: Mar. 18, 1958; R 210 944.
[May have been a written for the "Fox Movietone Follies"
of 1929 or 1930 on which he worked.]
["Movie-Tone News" theatrical newsreels debuted May 25, 1927 in NY City]
Title: NEWS REEL SOUND TITLES
Writer(s): PETER YORKE (PRS)
Publisher(s): KEITH PROWSE & CO. LTD., London
US Copyright: Dec. 31, 1934; EF 37 620.
US Renewal: July 13, 1962; R 298 171.
Title: SOUND TITLE OVERTURES
Writer(s): PETER YORKE (PRS)
Publisher(s): KEITH PROWSE & CO. LTD., London
US Copyright: Dec. 31, 1934; EF 37 622.
US Renewal: July 13, 1962; R 298 173.
Title: MOVIETONE NEWS REEL MAIN TITLES No.1-6
Writer(s): PETER YORKE (PRS)
Publisher(s): KEITH PROWSE & CO. LTD., London
[in the registration filed as
"MOVIETONE TIT-BITS No.1-30;
NEWS REEL MAIN TITLES No.1-6; and
FANFARES No.1-5"]:
US Copyright: Apr. 5, 1935; EF 38 975.
US Renewal: July 13, 1962; R 298 193.
Title: NEWS REEL OVERTURE
Writer(s): PETER YORKE (PRS) &
GORDON MILLBANK (PRS)
Publisher(s): KEITH PROWSE & CO. LTD., London
[in the registration filed as
"FANFARES 1A-3B;
KING MUSIC No.1-2;
SCREEN FRAGMENTS No.21-26;
FANFARES A-B; and
NEWS REEL OVERTURE"]:
US Copyright: Apr. 5, 1935; EF 38 976.
US Renewal: July 13, 1962; R 298 192.
Title: MOVIE-TONE
aka: MOVIETONE (BRO)
Writer(s): SODEN, SAMUEL (British PRS, affil. ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BRUTON MUSIC DIVISION (ASCAP)
[for British "Movie-Tone" Newsreels]
Title: WORLD EVENTS (MARCH)
Writer(s): ZAMECNIK, J. S. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): SAM FOX PUB CO (ASCAP)
Originally a circus march [Used by "Fox Movie-Tone" Newsreels
circa 1935, and also British "Movie-Tone" Newsreels] Also
used as a skit theme on Jackie Gleason's "American Scene Magazine."
Title: MOVIETONE SIGNATURE
Writer(s): SHAINDLIN, JACK (BMI)
Publisher(s): EMI BLACKWOOD MUSIC - CINEMUSIC ACCT. (BMI)
c/o EMI MUSIC PUBLISHING, INC.
of NEW YORK, NY
[May have been a short arrangement/adaptation
of the Zamecnik "World Events (March)" above]
Title: TWENTIETH CENTURY-FOX TRADE MARK
[title as seen on the sketch/score reprinted in "The Composer in Hollywood"
book by Christopher Palmer, 1990, Marion Boyars Publishers, Inc. New York, NY]
(Composition date: circa 1933/35/37)
aka: 20TH CENTURY-FOX FANFARE [most common variant]
aka: 20TH CENTURY-FOX FANFARE WITH CINEMASCOPE EXTENSION
aka: FOX LOGO
Writer(s): NEWMAN, ALFRED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TCF MUSIC PUBLISHING, INC. (ASCAP)
Apparently a copyright registration of the famous signature wasn't filed until 1956,
when it was part of the score of the film "The Proud Ones":
Title: TWENTIETH CENTURY-FOX TRADE MARK (from the film "The Proud Ones")
Writer: NEWMAN, ALFRED (ASCAP)
Copyright Claimant: Twentieth Century Music Corporation (ASCAP)
Unpublished Date: Oct. 31, 1956; EU 456 146.
Renewal Date: Feb. 9, 1984; RE 198 341.
Some recordings of this musical trade mark include:
1933-34 -- original version Alfred Newman conducting the 20th Century
Films (Zanuck) Studio Orchestra at United Artists lot Stage 7.
1953 -- credited in liner notes for the 1998 CD "20th Century Fox -
Music from the Golden Age" on Varese Sarabande VSD-5937,
Alfred Newman conducting the 20th-Century Fox Studio Orchestra
1954 -- [introducing the "CinemaScope extension" for "River of No Return"]
Lionel Newman conducting the 20th-Century Fox Studio Orchestra
1980 -- for the film "The Empire Strikes Back", arranged by John Williams
John Williams conducting the London Symphony Orchestra
1994 -- for the film "Baby's Day Out", arranged by Bruce Broughton
Bruce Broughton conducting the studio orchestra
1997 -- for the opening of the "The Newman [Scoring] Stage" the
Fox Studio Orchestra conducted by David Newman
Other shorter 20th Century Fox Logos for Television include:
Title: FOX ID
Writer(s): NEWMAN, ALFRED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TWENTIETH CENTURY-FOX MUSIC CORP (ASCAP)
EMI ROBBINS CATALOG INC
Title: FOX TELEVISION STUDIO (LOGO)
Writer(s): NEWMAN, ALFRED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TCF MUSIC PUBLISHING INC. (ASCAP)
Title: FOX I D SIG (title in ASCAP Perf. Index, 1978)
Writer(s): BERNSTEIN, ELMER
ROBBINS MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
Title: FOX I D
Writer(s): MATSON, VERA (Not Affil. with ASCAP or BMI)
NEWMAN, LIONEL (BMI)
Publisher(s): EMI HASTINGS CATALOG INC. (BMI)
[The two composers above collaborated on the
TV Theme for "Daniel Boone" in 1964]
Title: COLOR ID
Writer(s): ADDRISI, DONALD J. (BMI)
ADDRISI, RICHARD P (BMI)
Publisher(s): WARNER-TAMERLANE PUB -FOX SP ACCT (BMI)
C/O WARNER-TAMERLANE PUB CORP
LOS ANGELES, CA; and
WARNER-TAMERLANE PUBLISHING CORP
C/O WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC INC
LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: FOX I D TRADEMARK (SIGNATURE)
Variations: FOX I D TRADEMARK SIG
Writer(s): MANDEL, JOHN ("JOHNNY") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TWENTIETH-CENTURY FOX MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
Title: OPT LOGO (SIG)
Writer(s): STEINER, FRED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TWENTIETH-CENTURY FOX MUSIC CO. (ASCAP)
Title: A B C COLOR LOGO 1 & 2
Writer(s): LEIGH, MITCH (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): AMERICAN BROADCASTING MUSIC, INC. (ASCAP)
Copyright(s): ["A.B.C. Color Logo, Version 1"]: Oct. 30, 1967; EU 21 865.
["A.B.C. Color Logo, Version 2"]: Oct. 30, 1967; EU 21 866.
Claimant: AMPCO MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
Title: ABC LOGO
aka: COLOR LOGO
Writer(s): GREENFIELD, HOWARD (BMI);
KELLER, JACK (ASCAP); and
LOWE, MUNDELL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): COLGEMS-EMI MUSIC INC (ASCAP); and
SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC, INC. (BMI)
[above logo was based upon the "Bewitched" TV THEME]
Title: ABC LOGO
Writer(s): FRONTIERE, DOMINIC (BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC, INC. (BMI)
Title: ABC LOGO
Writer(s): GELLER, HARRY MAX (BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC, INC. (BMI)
Title: LOGO--A B C CIRCLE FILM
aka: ABC CIRCLE FILM LOGO
aka: ABC CIRCLE LOGO
aka: ABC LOGO (SIG/CLOSING THEME)
Writer(s): KARLIN, FRED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): AMERICAN BROADCASTING MUSIC, INC. (ASCAP)
Copyright: May 22, 1978; PAu-22-006.
Title: ABC PRODUCTIONS LOGO (CLOSING THEME)
aka: ABC TELEVISION LOGO
aka: ABC LOGO
Writer(s): LEITER, RICHARD MICHAEL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): [LISTED IN ASCAP DATABASE WITHOUT PUBLISHER]
Title: LOGO ITP (SIGNATURE)
Writer(s): RAMIN, SIDNEY ("SID") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): ALLIED ARTISTS CO. INC. (ASCAP)
c/o TIME WARNER, INC., NEW YORK
Title: AMC (SPECIAL PRESENTATION)(OPENING)
aka: SPECIAL PRESENTATION (AMC/OPENING)
Writer(s): ZITO, TORRIE (ASCAP)
POMPOSELLO, THOMAS ANTHONY (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): OREGON LADY MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: AMC (AMC IN HOLLYWOOD)(OPENING)
aka: AMC IN HOLLYWOOD (AMC/OPENING)
Writer(s): ZITO, TORRIE (ASCAP)
LABRIOLA, ARTHUR J. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): OREGON LADY MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: AIP LOGO
Writer(s): GLASSER, RICHARD E. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): AIP MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: A-I-P
[in Volume 38 of "STRUCTURAL MUSIC", from his
film #52 -- probably "SUBMARINE SEAHAWK"]
Writer(s): LASZLO, ALEXANDER (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): GUILD PUBLICATIONS OF CALIFORNIA (ASCAP)
[composition date Nov., 1958 on other cues./same film]
Title: AIP EMBLEM
Writer(s): GLASSER, ALBERT (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL (ASCAP)
Title: A I P LOGO
Writer(s): BAXTER, LES (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL (ASCAP)
Title: BING CROSBY PRODUCTIONS LOGO (OP THEME)
Writer(s): DUNING, GEORGE W. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): ASCO MUSIC (ASCAP)
A DIV. OF BING CROSBY PRODUCTIONS, INC.
Title: B C P TRADEMARK
aka: B C P LOGO
Writer(s): FRIED, GERALD (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): ASCO MUSIC (ASCAP)
A DIV. OF BING CROSBY PRODUCTIONS, INC.
Title: CASTLE ROCK LOGO Writer(s): SHAIMAN, MARC (ASCAP) Publisher(s): HAZEN MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: CBS EYE #1
Writer(s): GOLDSMITH, JERRALD ("JERRY") (ASCAP/BMI)
Publisher(s): [unknown at this time; undated manuscript
of a 2-bar logo found in CBS-TV collection of
the UCLA Music Department Special Collections,
along with other Goldsmith TV manuscripts.]
Title: CBS COLOR LOGO
[exact title not known, scored the animated CBS
logo w/letters changing from B&W to Color in the
1960s, verified on 1968 "IDENTITONES" Demo Tape]
Writer(s): SIDAY, ERIC (British PRS, affiliated with BMI)
Publisher(s): [not found in ASCAP or BMI databases, but
probably related to "IDENTITONES", Siday's
company which created logos using analog
synthesizers]
Title: CBS SPECIAL PRESENTATION LOGO
[aka: CBS LOGO THEME]
Writer(s): CONTI, WILLIAM ("BILL") JR. (ASCAP/BMI)
Publisher(s): ASPENFAIR MUSIC INC (ASCAP)
c/o CBS, INC.
[A variation of the 1981 CBS Thursday Night Movie Theme]
Title: CBS PRODUCTIONS LOGO
[aka: CBS LOGO]
[aka: CBS ENTERTAINMENT]
Writer(s): SERAFINE, FRANK GINO (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): ASPENFAIR MUSIC INC (ASCAP)
c/o CBS MUSIC OPERATIONS, INC.
Title: CBS LOGO
aka: CBS ANIMATION MUSIC (OPENING AND CLOSING THEME)]
Writer(s): OLVIS, WILLIAM PATRICK (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): ASPENFAIR MUSIC INC (ASCAP)
c/o CBS MUSIC OPERATIONS, INC.
Title: CBS 95/96 PRODUCTIONS LOGO
Writer(s): D'ANDREA, JOHN
PITTARD, WILLIAM B
SULLIVAN, EDWARD M
LERIOS, CORY CHARLES
Publisher(s): ASPENFAIR MUSIC INC.
c/o CBS, INC.
Title: CINERAMA FANFARE
Writer(s): FORBES, LOU [LOUIS] (ASCAP), and
JACKSON, HOWARD M. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI WATERFORD MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
c/o SONY/ATV MUSIC PUBLISHING
of Nashville, TN
Title: CINERAMA LOGO (OPENING THEME)
Writer(s): SCHARF, WALTER (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): ASCO MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: MUSIC--CINERAMA RELEASING CORPORATION LOGO
Writer(s): BECKER, LOREN (n/a), and
BYRNE, ROBERT (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): AMPCO MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
Copyright: Jan. 26, 1968; Eu 33 954.
Title: COLUMBIA EMBLEM
Writer(s): BAKALEINIKOFF, MISCHA (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BOURNE CO. (ASCAP)
[This emblem was used first in the
1934 motion picture "In The Dog House"]
Title: COLUMBIA EMBLEM
Writer(s): BAKALEINIKOFF, MISCHA (ASCAP)
WOOD, JAMES HENRY MAY G. (French SACEM affil. ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BOURNE CO. (ASCAP)
[This appears to be an adaptation/extension by the
French-born James Henry Wood of the above
signature by Mischa Bakaleinikoff]
Title: EMBLEM
Writer(s): FRIEDHOFER, HUGO (BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC INC. (BMI)
Title: SCREEN GEMS FANFARE
Writer(s): SHAINDLIN, JACK (BMI)
Publisher(s): METRO PARK MUSIC (BMI)
[This dramatic logo was used for a long time,
beginning about 1951, and was originally
part of Shaindlin's Production Music Library
called "Cinemusic".]
Title: EMBLEM
Writer(s): BETTS, HARRY RICHARD (BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC INC. (BMI)
Title: EMBLEM
Writer(s): HAGEN, EARLE H. (BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC INC. (BMI)
Title: EMBLEM
Writer(s): PHILLIPS, STUART ("STU") (BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC INC. (BMI)
[the above 4 signatures may have been for specific movies
or TV series...since no further information is known about
them at this time...]
Title: SCREEN GEMS LOGO SIG
Writer(s): DE VOL, FRANK (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): COLGEMS-EMI MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
[This instrumental logo made its appearance circa 1963]
Title: SCREEN GEMS LOGO
Writer(s): ALEXANDER, VAN (ASCAP)
SIDAY, ERIC (British PRS, affil./BMI)
Publisher(s): COLGEMS-EMI MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
[This was a collaboration with Siday in the UK who
did electronic logos on early analog synthesizers.
Columbia's first all-electronic sounder first heard
circa 1965 -- a trend that was to continue.
Van Alexander was an orchestrator-arranger.]
Title: SCREEN GEMS MARCH
Writer(s): SIDAY, ERIC (British PRS, affil./BMI)
Claimant: SIDAY, ERIC
US Copyright: March 3, 1965; EU 869 976.
[This may have been an expansion of the SCREEN GEMS LOGO
above, or the original source of the LOGO melody]
Title: SCREEN GEMS LOGO 2000
Writer(s): O'BRIEN, JAMES R. (BMI)
Publisher(s): CTHV MUSIC INC. (BMI) and
SONY/ATV SONGS LLC (BMI)
Title: COLUMBIA LOGO (THEME)
Writer(s): CIANI, SUZANNE E. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI GOLDEN TORCH MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
[A rather amazing piece of music which modulates and
evolves for a very dramatic effect. It is done with
digital synthesizers...the long version only used in
Theatrical Feature films. Circa 1975.]
Title: COLGEMS LOGO (THEME)
Writer(s): CIANI, SUZANNE E. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): COLUMBIA PICT NOW S. B. (ASCAP)
[This was a shorter version of Ciani's Theatrical
Feature Logo above. This version was used for Columbia
Pictures Television. It also appeared circa 1975.]
Title: COLUMBIA LOGO [Legal Name]
Writer(s): GRUSIN, DAVID ("DAVE") (ASCAP/BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC, INC. (BMI)
[This more symphonic style logo appeared circa 1992,
and has had a long run through 2001.]
Title: COLUMBIA LOGO [Legal Name]
Writer(s): WELCH, EDWARD WILLIAM (British PRS, affil./BMI)
Publisher(s): SCREEN GEMS-EMI MUSIC, INC. (BMI)
Title: SCREEN GEMS [Name registered for copyright]
Writer(s): WEBB, ROGER (British PRS, affil./BMI)
Claimant: WEBB, ROGER
US Copyright: Nov. 24, 1969; EU 138 929.
US Renewal: March 7, 1997; RE 756 443.
Title: COLUMBIA LOGO [Legal Name]
Writer(s): THOMPSON, TIMOTHY MC GOWAN (BMI)
Publisher(s): AVON GATE MUSIC, (BMI),
c/o EMI-INTERTRAX MUSIC; and
EMI-INTERTRAX MUSIC, INC. (BMI)
Title: COLUMBIA PICTURES TELEVISION LOGO
aka: COLUMBIA-TRISTAR TELEVISION LOGO
Writer(s): KAPLAN, STEVEN NEIL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): COLUMBIA TORCH MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
c/o SONY/ATV TUNES, LLC
of NASHVILLE, TN
[This dates from roughly 1994.]
Title: DESILU I D (BMI) Writer(s): HATCH, WILBUR J. (BMI) Publisher(s): BRUIN MUSIC COMPANY (BMI)
Title: DISNEY LOGO (OP TH)(SIG)
Writer(s): HARLINE, LEIGH (ASCAP)
WASHINGTON, NED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BOURNE CO (ASCAP)
Title: WALT DISNEY CARTOONS/FANFARE
(from "DISNEYLAND 61 OLYMPIC ELK")
Writer(s): WALLACE, OLIVER G. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: WALT DISNEY PRESENTS (SIG) (MAIN TITLE)
Writer(s): BRUNS, GEORGE E. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: BUENA VISTA (MAIN TITLE) (THEME)
Writer(s): BRUNS, GEORGE E. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: BUENA VISTA THEME
Writer(s): LAVA, WILLIAM (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: BUENA VISTA THEME
Writer(s): BAKER, NORMAN BUDDY (ASCAP)
LAVA, WILLIAM (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: DISNEY LOGO
Writer(s): BAKER, NORMAN ("BUDDY") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Copyright: Feb. 10, 1978; PAu-1-448.
Title: BUENA VISTA (SIG)
Writer(s): SMITH, PAUL J. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: BUENA VISTA (SIG) (MAIN TITLE)
Writer(s): MARKS, FRANKLYN (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: BUENA VISTA (SIG)
Writer(s): BRUNNER, ROBERT FRANCIS (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: WALT DISNEY FRONT CARD LOGO
Writer(s): HARLINE, LEIGH (ASCAP)
WASHINGTON, NED (ASCAP)
DEBNEY, JOHN CARDON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BOURNE CO (ASCAP)
WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: WALT DISNEY FRONT CARD LOGO NO. 2
aka: WALT DISNEY PICTURES LOGO
(from the 1994 film "WHITE FANG II")
Writer(s): DEBNEY, JOHN CARDON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WALT DISNEY MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP)
Title: TOUCHSTONE LOGO
Writer(s): ROBERTSON, JAIME ROBBIE (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TOUCHSTONE PICTURES MUSIC AND SONGS (ASCAP)
C/O DISNEY MUSIC PUBLISHING
Title: TOUCHSTONE LOGO LASER (OPENING THEME)
aka: TOUCHSTONE LOGO
Writer(s): DEBNEY, JOHN CARDON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TOUCHSTONE PICTURES MUSIC AND SONGS (ASCAP)
C/O DISNEY MUSIC PUBLISHING
Title: TOUCHSTONE TELEVISION LOGO (CLOSING THEME)
aka: TOUCHSTONE TELEVISION LOGO
Writer(s): BEASLY, JOHN RULE (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TOUCHSTONE PICTURES MUSIC AND SONGS, INC. (ASCAP)
Title: DREAMWORKS LOGO
Writer(s): DEBNEY, JOHN CARDON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): SKG SONGS (ASCAP)
C/O SONY/ATV TUNES LLC
[circa 1997]:
Title: DREAM WORKS LOGO
Writer(s): WILLIAMS, JOHN T. (BMI)
Publisher(s): DREAMWORKS MUSIC PUBLISHING LLC (BMI)
Title: FAMILY FILMS CAST SIGNATURE
Writer(s): DUNLAP PAUL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): AMPHION MUSIC (ASCAP)
of PALM SPRINGS, CA
Title: FILMWAYS SIGNATURE
Writer(s): NELSON, CHARLES EUGENE (SESAC)
NELSON, PAUL NORRIS JR. (BMI)
Publisher(s): MUSICWAYS (BMI)
Title: FILMWAYS LOGO
Writer(s): ELLIOTT, JACK (BMI)
FERGUSON, ALLYN M. (BMI)
Publisher(s): MUSICWAYS (BMI)
Title: FOUR STAR OPENING SIG
Writer(s): KLATZKIN, LEON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BOURNE CO. (ASCAP)
[also used as Theme for "Four Star Theatre"]
Title: FOUR STAR EMBLEM
Writer(s): SCHRAGER, RUDY (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): VOGUE MUSIC (BMI)
Title: FOUR STAR TRADEMARK THEME
Variations: 4-STAR TRADEMARK (THEME)
FOUR STAR TRADEMARK
FOUR STAR EMBLEM 03
Writer(s): GILBERT, HERSCHEL BURKE (ASCAP/BMI)
Publisher(s): POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL (ASCAP), and
VOGUE MUSIC (BMI)
Title: CLOSING I D SIG
Writer(s): MULLENDORE, JOSEPH (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): UNIVERSAL/POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING INC. (ASCAP)
Title: FOUR STAR LOGO (SIGNATURE)
Variations: 4-STAR LOGO SIG
FOUR STAR LOGO SIG
Writer(s): DAVIS, DAVID H. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): UNIVERSAL/POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL (ASCAP)
Title: HBO FEATURE PRESENTATION THEME
Writer(s): SMITH, FERDINAND J. III (BMI)
Publisher(s): L T MUSIC PUBLISHING (BMI)
WARNER-TAMERLANE PUBLISHING CO. (BMI)
Title: HEMDALE LOGO Writer(s): GOLDSMITH, JOEL K. (BMI) Publisher(s): DAMHEEL MUSIC (BMI)
Title: HOLLYWOOD PICTURES LOGO Writer(s): ELFMAN, DANNY (BMI) Publisher(s): HOLPIC MUSIC INC (BMI)
Title: I T C LOGO MUSIC (CLOSING THEME)
aka: I T C LOGO
Writer(s): O'KENNEDY, JOHN A. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL (ASCAP)
Title: I T C (OPENING CLOSING THEME)(SIG)
Writer(s): PARNELL, JOHN RUSSELL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s):
Title: I T C LOGO (SIGNATURE)
Writer(s): ASTLEY, EDWIN THOMAS (ASCAP)
Publisher(s):
Title: KING FEATURES FANFARE
aka: KING FEATURES OPENING (M & E)
Writer(s): SHARPLES, WINSTON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP), and
SCROLL PRODUCTIONS INC.(ASCAP)
Copyright: as "King Features Opening"
(c) Famous Music Corp. &
Paramount Pictures Corp.
March 21, 1963; EU 762 908.
Title: LADD COMPANY LOGO
aka: LADD CO. LOGO
Writer(s): BILAO, STEPHEN LOUIS (BMI)
REICHENBACH, WILLIAM FRANK JR. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI BLACKWOOD MUSIC INC (BMI)
TYRELL MUSIC CO (BMI)
LITTLE WILLIE MUSIC CO. (ASCAP)
Title: LADD COMPANY LOGO [fr ORIG. MOTION PICTURE "BODY HEAT"]
Writer(s): WILLIAMS, JOHN (BMI)
Title: LIGHTSTORM LOGO
(from the 1994 film "TRUE LIES")
Writer(s): FIEDEL, BRAD IRA (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): SONY TUNES INC. (ASCAP)
SONY/ATV TUNES LLC (ASCAP)
Title: LORIMAR LOGO (SIGNATURE)
Writer(s): ELLIOTT, JACK (BMI)
FERGUSON, ALLYN M. (BMI)
Publisher(s): MARILOR MUSIC (ASCAP)
WARNER-TAMERLANE PUBLISHING CO (BMI)
Title: LORIMAR LOGO
(from the 1978 TV Series "DALLAS")
Writer(s): PARKER, JOHN C. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): MARILOR MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: LORIMAR LOGO
Writer(s): SNOW, MARK (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): LORIMAR MUSIC A CORP (ASCAP)
Title: LORIMAR GREENFOX LOGO
Writer(s): ROBINSON, JOHN (J) PETER (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): LORIMAR MUSIC A CORP. (ASCAP)
Title: MARK VII (SIGNATURE)
(from the 1952 TV Series "DRAGNET")
Writer(s): HEINDORF, RAY JOHN (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): ON BACKSTREET MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
Title: [SOUND EFFECT OF "LEO, THE LION" ROARING 3 TIMES]
Writer(s):
Publisher(s):
Title: METRO-GOLDWYN FANFARE
Writer(s): AXT, WILLIAM (ASCAP)
Publisher(s):
Title: METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER FANFARE
Writer(s): SHIELD, LEROY ("ROY") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): SOUTHERN MUSIC PUBLISHING CO., INC. (ASCAP)
c/o PEER-SOUTHERN ORGANIZATION
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: NEWS OF THE DAY MARCH
Writer(s): DE FRANCESCO, LOUIS E. ("L. E.") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): SAM FOX PUB. CO. INC. (ASCAP)
WB MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
[for "MGM - News Of The Day" Newsreels]
Title: NEWS OF THE DAY
Writer(s): ROCCHETTI, JOHN (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WB MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
[for "MGM - News Of The Day" Newsreels]
Title: MGM FANFARE
(from the 1940 film "THE PHILADELPHIA STORY")
Writer(s): WAXMAN, FRANZ (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI ROBBINS CATALOG INC. (ASCAP)
Title: M. G. M. EMBLEM
(from the 1952 film "MY MAN AND I")
Writer(s) BUTTOLPH, DAVID (ASCAP)
Publisher(s) LOEW'S, INC.
Copyright: June 8, 1953; EU 319 350.
Title: GOLDWYN LOGO
Writer(s): MANY, CHRISTOPHER N. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WB MUSIC CORP (ASCAP)
Title: METRO-MEDIA
Writer(s): MERRICK, MAHLON (BMI)
Publisher(s): EMI-GROVE PARK MUSIC, INC. (BMI)
c/o EMI MUSIC PUBLISHING
of NEW YORK, NY
Title: METROMEDIA TELEVISION LOGO
Writer(s): GREENE, TONI
GREENE, LARRY
Publisher(s): ROBLAR MUSIC CORP. (BMI)
c/o FRICON MUSIC COMPANY
of HENDERSONVILLE, TN
Copyright: January 2, 1968; Eu 31 384.
Title: METROMEDIA TELEVISION THEME
Writer(s): MERRIMAN, THOMAS W. ("TOM") (BMI)
Publisher(s): ALLEY MUSIC CORP. (BMI)
c/o CARLIN AMERICA INC.
of NEW YORK, NY;
TRIO MUSIC COMPANY
div. of T/Q MUSIC INC.
c/o BMG BUMBLEBEE
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Copyright: Dec. 8, 1969; EU 151 223
by SUNBEAM MUSIC INC.
Title: MORGAN CREEK LOGO MUSIC
Writer(s): BANKS, BRIAN M. (ASCAP)
MARINELLI, ANTHONY JOSEPH (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): MIRACLE CREEK MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
[Even "three little notes" can be an official logo...] Here are some credits from ASCAP and BMI:
Title: NBC CHIMES SIGNATURE
aka: NBC CHIMES THEME
Writer(s): ANTONINI, ALFREDO (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): [Public Domain ??]
[Antonini (1901-1983) was an NBC Music Director who is credited with an
early orchestral arrangement of the 3 famous notes in the ASCAP Biographical
Dictionary; but no information so far has pinned down in what year, or
for what show(s) he created this arrangement...]
Title: NBC CHIMES
Writer(s): KOURY, REX (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI-APRIL MUSIC INC.
[EMI Copyright Dept. said the above was not an NBC Chimes logo, but
was a "song"; however, they could not provide any more information
about it or its date of copyright or composition. A promotional song
posted on Napster at one time was apparently written to celebrate
the occasion of some network anniversary in the 1930s/1940s. So it
may be that this ASCAP citation refers to that song. Koury also was
composer of the "Gunsmoke" radio/TV THEME.]
Title: VARIATIONS - NBC CHIMES
Writer(s): MURRAY, LYN (ASCAP)
[pseudonym of Lionel Breeze]
Publisher(s): M. BARON COMPANY, INC. (ASCAP)
[Can't find any mention of this project in Murray's published journal
entitled "Musician"...so it must not have been a major commission which
he considered worthy of mention.]
Title: CHIMES
Writer(s): D'ARTEGA, ALFONSO (ASCAP)
ZABKA, STANLEY W. (ASCAP)
Orig. Pub: BROUDE BROTHERS LIMITED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI-APRIL MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
Creation Date: 1947 [as per correspondence with
the original publisher, Broude Bros. Ltd. 6/8/82]
Copyright: Jan. 13, 1958; Eu 508 466.
[NOTE: There were at least 2 arrangements made with the above title
released on 45rpm singles and CDs "composed" by Stan Zabka, and
orchestrated by Alfonse D'Artega. One version was a BALLAD-style
thematic piece, and the other was a sports MARCH arrangement.]
Title: BING, BANG, BONG - A FANTASY FOR BAND
aka: FANTASY ON THE NBC CHIMES
Writer(s): GILLIS, DON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI-MILLS MUSIC INC./OLD ACCT. (ASCAP)
c/o of EMI MUSIC PUBLISHING
Copyright: Dec. 23, 1955; EP 100 480.
Title: N B C CHIMES
Writer(s): ROGER, ROGER (SACEM, France; affil. BMI)
Publisher(s): WEISS AND BARRY COPYRIGHTS, INC. (BMI)
c/o PICKWICK COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Title: CHIMES
Writer(s): FARNON, ROBERT BRUCE (PRS, Great Britain; affil. BMI)
Publisher(s): CARBERT MUSIC INC. (CARLIN SPECIAL ACCT.) (BMI)
c/o CARLIN AMERICA, INC.
[both Roger Roger in France and Robert Farnon in England are
two of the most well-known composers of Light Music and Mood
Music (Production Music.) How they got the contract to arrange
the NBC Chimes motif would be an interesting story indeed...
But since Farnon is British, it is more likely that his may
be arrangements of the Westminster Chimes ("Big Ben") motif...]
Title: THEME ON THE CHIMES
Writer(s): SHORE, HOWARD L. (BMI/ASCAP)
Orig. Pub.: A PRINCE IN N.Y. MUSIC (BMI)
Publisher(s): LIVING MUSIC, INC. (BMI),
c/o EMI-BLACKWOOD MUSIC INC.
a div. of EMI MUSIC PUBLISHING
Creation Date: [circa 1976]
[above is the NBC network Movie Theme used on the air between
Fall, 1976 - March, 1980 according to 1982 correspondence
with the composer who was kind enough to write and share a
copy of the score.]
Title: GEC LOGO
aka: GE CHIMES LOGO
aka: NBC CHIMES LOGO
aka: CHIMES LOGO
Writer(s): SARANEC, CHRISTOPHER ROSS
Publisher(s): BARTER MUSIC, INC. (ASCAP)
c/o EMI-APRIL MUSIC INC.
a div. of EMI MUSIC PUBLISHING
Creation Date: 1993
Copyright: November 3, 1998; PAu-2-442-377
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
The above credits are not conclusive proof of anyone "composing" the 3-note
motif...since these arrangers worked for NBC at one time...they probably
received some performance credits for adaptations used for various purposes
during the radio days onward...but they are the credits I could find.
The 3-note sequence of notes G - E - C, which ended up known as "the NBC chimes" were notes which "spelled" a major triad chord -- very vanilla -- easy to remember, etc. But what seems like an obvious choice took nearly three years to decide. The story is told in "A History of the NBC Chimes", by Bill Harris, and in "More on the NBC Chimes", by Brian Wickham. The story is as follows: In 1926, shortly after the NBC Network began, its principal orchestra conductor -- Ernest La Prade was assigned to a committee which included a former ATT telephone engineer Oscar Hanson and NBC Announcer Philip Carlin. The committee was charged with the assignment of coming up with a memorable way to identify the network that would distinguish its programs from those of other networks and stations. At that time, several radio stations including Atlanta's WSB had been using a sequence of bell-like sounds or chimes. These individual local stations had been using chimes as signatures which sometimes included up to 7 different notes. So the idea of using chimes wasn't original with the NBC network. But the committee decided that the network ID announcement should occur after each program, and should include a recognizable musical signature on chimes. But which melody? From 1926 - 1929 the network tried various combinations of melodic notes. By 1929 they had eliminated longer melodic sequences, and had arrived at a simpler four-note sequence (or "musical logo") which consisted of G - C - F - E, the same note sequence that begins "When I Fall In Love" and "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling". Then, shortly after Thanksgiving in 1929 (and just a month following the stock market crash) the now-familiar sequence of three notes: G - E - C debuted as the official NBC network signature on November 29, 1929. And it was a perfect fit for the three letters NBC, so it never changed after that (except during World War II when the melody was transposed to E - G - C, a fragment of the wartime song "Over There" in honor of the fighting men.)
Originally, this note sequence was not really played on that percussion instrument known as "chimes" (tubular bells) at all. In fact, it was often played by the announcer on a small custom-made 3-note glockenspiel (which are called "orchestra bells" in a symphony orchestra.) As simple as this task was, it could have been embarassing if the announcer missed a note or struck the side of the instrument while performing "live." (And who said announcers were musicians anyway??)
So later (probably in 1932) an electric mechanism which could play
this note sequence reliably, at the push of a button, was commissioned by
the NBC Radio Engineering Department, and constructed by the engineering
firm of Rangertone, which had previously produced electronic organs.
So at NBC, the device came to be known as "The Rangertone Chimes Machine."
Several "Rangertone Chimes Machines" were built for each city where radio
network programs originated, including backup devices. Presumably that
would have been New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia,
and probably several others.
This gadget resembled a music box with electrical pickups. Each note was
produced by eight metal tines, or "reeds", as they were called. These
multiple reeds allowed not only the fundamental frequency but also its
overtones to be produced, so the timbre of the sound could be made to
resemble any mallet tuned-percussion instrument or piano.
A rotating metal drum on which the reeds were mounted caused them to be "plucked"
by a metal piece in sequence, exactly one second apart. The reeds were
amplified using magnetic pickups similar to those mounted under electric
guitar strings.
Although the physical appearance of the mechanism might have looked like
a large music box, because of the reeds which produced overtones, the
timbre produced on the air was a cross between an amplified acoustic
piano and a vibraphone (known to jazz musicians as the "vibes".)
The whole mechanism was enclosed in a box, and mounted on the wall at
NBC Master Control, connected to a button which the network announcer or
engineer could push to begin the sequence. The gadget could also be set to
play the sequence automatically at preset times. That explains why some
sports or news events may have suddenly been interrupted by the chimes.
This may have sounded like a mistake, but was merely do to the preset
timing which someone forgot to suspend.
There is a video on YouTube taken at the "California Historical Radio Society"
with a Rangertone Chimes machine with Serial Number "2" used in the
San Francisco NBC Station. The video demonstrates how the machine works
and demonstrates its sound. It is at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0_WL735Ueg
Although NBC's 3-note musical logo was so simple it was apparently never filed for a musical copyright, NBC took the unusual step of filing a Service Mark (similar to a TradeMark) on the sound of the logo in 1950. TradeMarks and Service Marks are filed with the U.S. Patent Office. Supposedly, the NBC Chimes and the creaking door heard on "Inner Sanctum" are the only sounds ever granted a patent (as opposed to a musical copyright.) A Patent isn't better than a copyright in this case. In fact, the term of copyright protection was for 28 years, renewable for a second term of 28 years for a total of 56 years of protection. And the 1976 copyright law even extended protection of all copyrights in force at the time until the death of the composer plus 50 years so his heirs could benefit. Since patents, trademarks and service marks have a duration of only 17 years, the Patent on the NBC Chimes in 1950 would have expired in 1967. But probably no one else would have a reason to use this famous melody even though it is in "public domain" since it is so firmly identified with the NBC network. Who's gonna want to use it? ABC? :-)
The 3-note "NBC Chimes" signature motif has been the basis for several other NBC THEME compositions...as listed above. Here is a summary: An easy-listening adaptation simply called "Chimes" was used as a station-break "bumper" theme during the early days of the "Tonight Show" circa 1958. The "composers" of this adaptation were Stan Zabka (who was an Associate Director of the Tonight Show through the Johnny Carson years) and veteran arranger/conductor Alphonse D'Artega. This same duo also produced a march version also called "Chimes" -- which was used as a theme for NBC Sports during the 1950s. Howard Shore wrote a nice short composition called "Theme on the Chimes" used for NBC Network Primetime Movies from Fall, 1976 - March, 1980. During John Chancellor's reign as NBC News anchorman, a synthesized signature by Joy Sicurella which combined the melody with simulated teletype effects was the Nightly News Logo. And even library music composer Roger Roger in France wrote an ASCAP piece called "NBC Chimes" (no information yet on what it was used for.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[When NBC Network began to broadcast color circa 1957, the Peacock
animation used the announcement "The following program is brought to you in
Living Color on N-B-C". The first announcer who spoke these words was Ben
Grauer, and later the voice was that of Bill Hanrahan.
The animation was scored with a full-orchestral signature logo;
It began with a cymbal roll and whole-tone harp glissando, then a
chromatic string run in contrary motion led to a final orchestral
tutti with melody doubled in brass and strings ending on an A-minor
chord. It was a dramatic (nearly melodramatic) signature.
In 1999 a contact at NBC phoned Milton DeLugg to ask who the composer might
have been. Mr. DeLugg said the first Peacock music was composed by New York
composer LOUIS ALBERT ("LOU") GARISTO, founder and leader of the Metropolitan
Jazz Quartet. There was no title information found in either ASCAP or BMI
databases under Lou Garisto's name so the exact title was not verified at
that time.
Then an article appeared by the Creative Director of the animation studio
that produced the Peacock animation, UPA/New York. The author, Gene Deitch
described the process in detail on his web site describing how they didn't
get the right color effect of the Peacock "wings" until they used colored
gels -- the kind used for stage footlights, and back-lit them from behind.
He also said he hired the composer to write the music for the original
Peacock logo. His name was IRWIN A. "BUD" BAZELON. Deitch said a lifelong
friendship with the composer developed as a result.
So at last, the mystery has been solved!]
The 2001 ASCAP database lists the following composition WITHOUT COMPOSER,
implying that since it is a "work for hire", no composer gets the royalty,
or the composer was not affiliated with ASCAP, so now we assume this is
indeed the first one composed by Mr. Balezon:
Title: N B C PEACOCK THEME
Title Variations: NBC PEACOCK THEME
PEACOCK THEME
PEACOCK MUSIC
NBC PEACOCK THEME 01
Writer(s): (none found)
Publisher(s): SPECTACULAR MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
c/o EMI-APRIL MUSIC INC.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
The following well-known signature was the second "living color logo"
which was heard a lot in later years -- is a more subtle logo recorded
by a smaller ensemble than the first one which was bombastic. This logo
began with woodwinds runs and harp glissandi, without strings or brass,
using jazz harmonies, written by composer Jack Easton, who primarily
was known for composing advertising jingles.
Title: PEACOCK LOGO
aka: N B C PEACOCK THEME
Writer(s): EASTON, JACK (formerly in ASCAP; non-affiliated in 2001)
aka: GERALD, JOHN (alternate "professional name")
2000 Publisher(s): EMI-APRIL MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
Copyright: March 1, 1966; Eu 917 158.
For more information about the animated Peacock Logos and the history
of NBC compatible Living Color shows, see the following URL:
N B C Living Color (Peacock Logo)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Some other Living Color/Peacock LOGO's and BILLBOARDs for individual shows
have also been written, although they are not as famous nor as widely
used as the two above...
Title: PEACOCK BILLBOARD
Writer(s): DAVIS, BUSTER (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FULLARTON MUSIC CO (ASCAP).; and later:
M. M. I. MUSIC (ASCAP); and later
UNTOLD MUSIC CO. (ASCAP)
c/o Len Freedman Music
of Santa Barbara, CA
Title: PEACOCK COLOR ETC.
Writer(s): SAXON, DAVID (ASCAP); and
WELLS, ROBERT (ASCAP)
[pseudonym of ROBERT ("BOB") WELLS LEVINSON]
Publisher(s): COSMIC MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
of Beverly Hills, CA
Title: THE PEACOCK
Writer(s): SCHARF, WALTER (ASCAP)
Publisher: PATTI ENTERPRISES, INC.
Copyright: May 22, 1958; Eu 525 620.
Renewal Date: Jan 8, 1966; RE-277-936
Title: DE VOL PEACOCK
Writer(s): DE VOL, FRANK (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): LAKESIDE MUSIC COMPANY (BMI)
Title: PEACOCK OPENING
Writer(s): MANN, JOHN R ("JOHNNY") (ASCAP),
[pseudonym of John R. Mangini]
Publisher(s): BIRDEES MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP),
c/o ALMO MUSIC CORPORATION of
Los Angeles, CA
Copyright: [none found at the LC]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Title: THE PEACOCK
aka: COLOR LOGO SIGNATURE
Writer(s): ROSE, DAVID D (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI MILLER CATALOG INC. (ASCAP)
Copyright: EU 693851; Nov. 2, 1961
[This logo was used behind the peacock ONLY on NBC's
"Bonanza", which was one of the first regular TV series
to be broadcast using NBC's color television technology.]
Title: NGC LOGO THEME SIGNATURE
aka: NGC LOGO
Writer(s): LOOSE, WILLIAM GEORGE ("BILL") (ASCAP/BMI)
KANTOR, IGO (BMI)
Publisher(s): NGPC MUSIC PUBLISHING (BMI)
c/o WARNER-TAMERLANE PUB. CORP.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: ORION LOGO
Writer(s): COLOMBIER, MICHEL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL (ASCAP)
Title: ORION SIGNATURE (THEME)
(from the 1984 film "THE TERMINATOR")
aka: ORION FILM LOGO 01
aka: ORION LOGO
Writer(s): BOND, LELAND B. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL (ASCAP)
Title: PARAMOUNT NEWSREEL
["Paramount News" newsreel theme]
Writer(s): CICOGNINI, ALESSANDRO (Italian SIAE, affil. w/BMI)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: PARAMOUNT MARCH
Writer(s): LASKY, JESSE L. (words)
RIESENFELD, HUGO (music)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS PLAYERS-LASKY CORP. (ASCAP)
Copyright: Mar. 6, 1925; E 607 775.
Renewal: Mar. 13, 1952; R 91 748.
Title: PARAMOUNT MARCH
Writer(s): FREY, HUGO
Publisher(s): ROBBINS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Copyright: Nov. 28, 1927; E 678 994.
Renewal: Nov. 29, 1954; R 139 929.
Title: PARAMOUNT ON PARADE
[Title song from the film "Paramount On Parade";
This song incorporates Cicognini's "Paramount News"
motif as the last phrase of the song melody.]
aka: PARAMOUNT SIGNATURE
[Apparently Paramount decided to make the King-Janis song the
"signature", instead of the shorter Paramount Newsreel
signature that was originally composed by Cicognini.]
Writer(s): KING, JACK (ASCAP)
JANIS, ELSIE (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Copyright: Feb. 17, 1930; E Unp[ublished] 17 180;
[This song has been recorded commercially
by Erroll Garner, Chet Atkins, and Tommy Dorsey.]
Titles: PARAMOUNT NEWSREEL MUSIC,
OPENING FANFARE (MAIN TITLE)
and END TITLE III
Writer(s): STEINER, GEORGE (ASCAP)
[Manuscripts with these titles were found among the
"George Steiner" papers -- music manuscripts at the
University of Oregon at Eugene. Since they are not
listed among Steiner's ASCAP credits as a composer,
they may be updated arrangements of the Cicognini
Newsreel theme. In the same collection Steiner provided
many cues for newsreel background scoring.]
Title: THE VOICE OF PARAMOUNT
Writer(s): CHASE, NEWELL (1904 - 1955)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORP., NEW YORK (ASCAP)
Copyright: March 3, 1931; E Unp[ublished] 36 127;
[This may have been an later Newsreel or Theatrical
Short subject Signature written by the 27-year-old Chase.]
Title: VISTA VISION TITLE (incorporating "PARAMOUNT SIGNATURE"
by Cicognini/Janis and King)
(from the 1954 film "WHITE CHRISTMAS")
aka: VISTA VISION TRADEMARK LOGO
aka: VISTAVISION THEME
aka: PARAMOUNT SEAL
Writer(s): VAN CLEAVE, NATHAN LANG (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Composition Date: Mar. 30, 1954, on manuscript at
the American Heritage Center, Univ. of Wyoming
Title: PARAMOUNT SEAL - REVISED ("SOFT VERSION" FINAL ENDING)
(from the 1955 film "ANYTHING GOES")
aka: VISTA VISION TRADEMARK LOGO
aka: VISTAVISION THEME
aka: PARAMOUNT SEAL
Writer(s): VAN CLEAVE, NATHAN LANG (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Composition Date: Sept. 12, 1955, [on manuscript at
the American Heritage Center, Univ. of Wyoming]
[Copyright registered as "VistaVision Theme"#93;:
Copyright Date: Nov. 16, 1955; EU 417 286.
Title: PARAMOUNT LOGO
Writer(s): HATCH, WILBUR J. (BMI)
Publisher(s): BRUIN MUSIC COMPANY (BMI)
[Used when Desilu became a sister company of Paramount as part of the
Gulf & Western merger of 1966]
Title: PARAMOUNT LOGO [see also the "NGC Logo" above]
Writer(s): LOOSE, WILLIAM GEORGE ("BILL") (ASCAP/BMI)
KANTOR, IGO (BMI)
Publisher(s): NGPC MUSIC PUBLISHING (BMI)
c/o WARNER-TAMERLANE PUB. CORP.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
[Used when National General became a sister company of Paramount as
part of the Gulf & Western merger of 1966]
Title: PARAMOUNT LOGO
Writer(s): STEVENS, LEITH (ASCAP/BMI)
Publisher(s): BRUIN MUSIC COMPANY (BMI)
Title: PARAMOUNT LOGO
Writer(s): FRONTIERE, DOMINIC (BMI)
Publisher(s): BRUIN MUSIC COMPANY (BMI)
[A short-lived logo circa 1969]
Title: PARAMOUNT MUSIC LOGO
aka: PARAMOUNT MUSIC LOGO: NO. 6
aka: L. S. MUSIC LOGO
Writer(s): SCHIFRIN, LALO
[orchestrator HAYES, JACK]
Publisher(s): ENSIGN MUSIC CORPORATION
Copyright: August 12, 1987; PAu-1-003-518
[The original version of this appeared circa 1970,
but has had several revisions through the years,
and seems to have the most longevity.]
Title: COLOR ID
Writer(s): SCHIFRIN, LALO (BMI)
DRASNIN, ROBERT (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BRUIN MUSIC COMPANY (BMI)
[Another version of the Lalo Schifrin motif, adapted
for television by veteran arranger/orchestrator Drasnin]
Title: PARAMOUNT LOGO
Writer(s): GOLDSMITH, JERRALD ("JERRY") (BMI)
Publisher(s): BRUIN MUSIC COMPANY (BMI)
[This first appeared in 1976]
Title: PARAMOUNT SEAL
Writer(s): MARKOWITZ, RICHARD (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: PARAMOUNT FANFARE
aka: PARAMOUNT LOGO
Writer(s): MATZ, PETER (BMI)
Publisher(s): ENSIGN MUSIC CORPORATION (BMI)
Title: PARAMOUNT MUSIC LOGO
aka: PARAMOUNT LOGO
Writer(s): MOLLIN, FRED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: PARAMOUNT MUSIC LOGO (SIG)
Writer(s): CONNER, OTIS (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: PARAMOUNT TV LOGO
Writer(s): KRIZMAN, RICHARD J. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: PARAMOUNT VIDEO LOGO (SIG)
Writer(s): KRIZMAN, RICHARD J
Publisher(s): FAMOUS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: PARAMOUNT LOGO
Writer(s): HOWARD, JAMES NEWTON (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): DICKIEBIRD MUSIC AND PUBLISHING (BMI) and
ENSIGN MUSIC CORPORATION (BMI)
Title: SIGNATURE REPUBLIC
Writer(s): COLOMBO, ALBERTO (ASCAP)
Publisher(s):
Title: EMBLEM SIGNATURE
aka: REPUBLIC EMBLEM "A"
Writer(s): LAVA, WILLIAM (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): VERY NICE MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: CHAPTER CARD/TECHNICAL CREDITS
Writer(s): LAVA, WILLIAM (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): VERY NICE MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: EMBLEM
[from the Republic Pictures "The Far
Frontier" (1948) & "Down Dakota Way" (1949),
both starring Roy Rogers; Manuscript in
the UCLA Music Dept. Special Collections]
Writer(s): BUTTS, R. DALE
Publisher(s): ANNE RACHEL MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC INC.
Title: REPUBLIC EMBLEM
Writer(s): SAWTELL, PAUL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI MILLS MUSIC INC/OLD ACCT (ASCAP)
Title: EMBLEM MAIN TITLE
aka: REPUBLIC EMBLEM 02
aka: YOUNG EMBLEM--REPULIC LOGO
Writer(s): YOUNG, VICTOR POPULAR (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): VICTOR YOUNG PUBLICATIONS, INC. (ASCAP)
Later
Publisher(s): CHAPPELL & CO. INC. (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER-CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
[1954 publisher: Santly-Joy Select (ASCAP), as seen
on cue sheet in book, "Mystery of the Masked Man's Music"
for a 1954 RKO John Wayne film, "Pals of the Saddle"]
Title: REPUBLIC PICTURES LOGO
Writer(s): FRANCO, DAVID (ASCAP)
FRIEDMAN, GARY WILLIAM (BMI)
Publisher(s): A BMI Publisher
COMPELLING MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: [SOUND EFFECT OF MORSE CODE OSCILLATOR]
Writer(s): [N/A]
Publisher(s):
Title: R.K.O. MARCH (BROADCASTING SIGNATURE)
Writer(s): THOMAS KENNEDY (words)
MILTON SCHWARZWALD (music)
A.C. [ALBERTO C.] COLUMBO (arranger)
Claimant: RADIO, KEITH, ORPHEUM CORP., NEW YORK
Copyright: June 18, 1929; E Pub[lished] 7 538;
Title: THE VOICE OF THE R.K.O.
Writer(s): KENNEDY, TOM (ASCAP/non-affil.) (words & music)
Publisher(s): SHAPIRO, BERNSTEIN & CO., INC. (ASCAP)
Copyright: Sep. 26, 1929; E Pub[lished] 9 584;
Title: RKO SIGNATURE
Writer(s): DREYER, DAVE (ASCAP)
SAWTELL, PAUL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WILLIAMSON MUSIC CO. (ASCAP)
Title: RKO SIGNATURE
aka: R K O SIGNATURE 02
Writer(s): BENNETT, ROBERT RUSSELL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): WILLIAMSON MUSIC CO. (ASCAP)
Title: RKO FANFARE
Writer(s): RKO PICTURES MUSIC CORPORATION, EMPLOYER FOR HIRE
Publisher(s): RKO PICTURES MUSIC CORPORATION
Copyright: Dec. 16, 1996; PAu 2-068-877.
Title: SELZNICK TRADEMARK
aka: SELZNICK INT'L TRADEMARK
aka: SELZNICK INTERNATIONAL FANFARE
Writer(s): NEWMAN, ALFRED (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): BOURNE CO. (ASCAP)
Title: SONY PICTURES TELEVISION LOGO
aka: SPT LOGO
Writer(s): KURTZ, DAVID MERRILL (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): COLUMBIA TORCH MUSIC INC. (ASCAP)
c/o SONY/ATV TUNES, LLC
of NASHVILLE, TN
Title: SUPERSCOPE (BRN) Writer(s): INGMAN, NICHOLAS DAN (ASCAP) Publisher(s): BRUTON MUSIC DIVISION (ASCAP) Title: SUPERSCOPE (DWS) Writer(s): SAUNDERS, JOHN (ASCAP) Publisher(s):
Title: SALUTE TO THAMES (SIG)
aka: THAMES I D
aka: THAMES LOGO
Writer(s): HAWKSWORTH, DENIS ("JOHNNY") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): [originally KPM]
Title: DIGITAL DOMAIN THEME Writer(s): MOORER, JAMES ANDERSON (BMI) Publisher(s): BANTHA MUSIC (BMI)
Title: TIME-LIFE LOGO (CLOSING THEME)
Writer(s): ROSENMAN, LEONARD (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): T L MUSIC PUBLISHING (ASCAP)
c/o WB MUSIC CORP
a div. of WARNER-CHAPPELL MUSIC INC
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: TRISTAR TELEVISION LOGO
Writer(s): ASHER, JAY (Affiliation Unknown)
Publisher(s): TSTV MUSIC INC. (BMI)
Title: TRISTAR PICTURES LOGO 1993
Writer(s): GRUSIN, DAVID (BMI)
JOHNSON, WILLIAM (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): TSP MUSIC, INC. (ASCAP)
EMI INTERTRAX MUSIC INC (BMI)
EMI INTERTRAX TRIPLE STAR MUSIC (BMI)
Title: U A LOGO
Writer(s): CORDELL, FRANK (BMI)
Publisher(s): EMI UNART CATALOG, INC. (BMI)
Title: U A LOGO SIGNATURE
aka: UNITED ARTISTS LOGO SIGNATURE
Writer(s): BURKE, J. FRANCIS ("Sonny") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI U CATALOG, INC. (ASCAP)
Title: U.A. TV LOGO [as filed for copyright]
Title (in ASCAP): UA LOGO
Writer(s): FRONTIERE, DOMINIC (BMI)
Publisher(s): EMI UNART CATALOG, INC. (BMI)
Copyright: March 23, 1965; EU 875 401.
by Esteem Music Corp., and
United Artists Television Productions, Inc.
Title: U A LOGO SIG
aka: U A LOGO
aka: UNITED ARTISTS LOGO SIGNATURE
Writer(s): GOODWIN, CHARLES DOUGLAS (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI U CATALOG INC. (ASCAP)
Title: UNITED ARTISTS LOGO
Writer(s): HARNELL, JOSEPH (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): EMI U CATALOG INC. (ASCAP)
[This dramatic logo used only for Feature Films,
begins with a low pedal point over which five
sustained piano notes are heard (Harnell is a
pianist); and then an orchesetral tutti sweeps
into a nice broad statement. One of the better
logos ever written in my humble opinion. It was
apparently introduced in 1982.]
Title: UNITED ARTISTS LOGO
Writer(s): FAIR, JEFFREY EDEN ("JEFF") (BMI) and
PARODI, TAMI "STARR" (BMI)
Publisher(s): UNITED LION MUSIC (BMI), a div. of
U/A MUSIC, INC.
Copyright: in "MGM Trailer and Advertising Compositions", (??)
a copyrighted collection on Sound Cassette;
June 5, 1998; PA-898-020.
[This logo was produced by the L.A. music production duo
"ParodiFair", which produced several movie trailers for
MGM/UA films. The logo premiered in the James Bond film
"GoldenEye" released by United Artists. An interview
on the "soundtrack.net" web site reveals that there
were two versions -- a 14-second and a 4-second version
"recorded on the Sony Scoring Stage with a 90-piece
orchestra." Starr Parodi said of their assignment to
compose this logo, "Our instructions were, 'We want
something that represents the past, present, and future
of United Artists.'" (A typically paradoxical client
dictum which indicates the person hiring the composer
really doesn't know what he wants, but is trying to
cover all bases and cover his backside with the bosses.
-DS.) Starr Parodi continued, "So we started with classic
orchestral instrumentation, moving to futuristic sounds
and concepts at the end."]
Title: FORWARD NEW UNIVERSAL MARCH
(from the 1937 film "The Mighty Treve")
TOMMASINO, ALFRED S.
Publisher: UNIVERSAL MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
Copyright: May 26, 1937; Eu 145 582.
Renewed: May 26, 1964; R 340 047.
[This may be the same composition
as "New Universal March" by
Alfred S. Tommasino, that was
registered in 1942 below.]
Title: NEW UNIVERSAL SIGNATURE
(from the 1936 film "Top Of The Town")
[aka: TOP OF THE TOWN CUES]
Writer(s): MC HUGH, "JIMMY" [JAMES RUSHTON MC HUGH] (ASCAP)
[arranged and conducted by Frank Skinner]
Publisher(s): USI A MUSIC PUBLISHING (ASCAP)
c/o UNIVERSAL MUSIC CORPORATION
Copyright: June 29, 1937; Eu 147 465.
Renewed: June 29, 1964; R 342 682.
[new recording for the 1982 film
"Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid",
conducted by Miklos Rozsa]
Title: PIVAR SIGNATURE
(from the 1937 film "The Man In Blue";
used in pictures produced by Maurice Pivar,
under contract to Universal as Producer & Editor);
Writer(s): DAVID RAKSIN (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): UNIVERSAL MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Copyright: Aug. 7, 1937; Eu 150 243.
Renewed: Aug. 7, 1964; R 343 283.
Title: SIGNATURE NO.3
(from the 1940 film "Ski Patrol")
Writer(s): SKINNER, FRANK C. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): USI A MUSIC PUBLISHING (ASCAP)
c/o UNIVERSAL MUSIC CORPORATION
Copyright: June 28, 1940; Eu 226 534.
Renewed: June 28, 1967; R 412 659.
Title: NEW UNIVERSAL MARCH
(from the 1942 film "There's One Born Every Minute")
TOMMASINO, ALFRED S.
Publisher: UNIVERSAL MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
Copyright: Sept. 15, 1942; Eu 309 807.
Renewed: Sept. 15, 1969; R 468 659.
[This may be the same composition
as "Forward New Universal March" by
Alfred S. Tommasino, that was
registered in 1937 above.]
Title: UNIVERSAL FANFARE (SIG)
Writer(s): GREENE, WALTER W. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): LANTZ MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL FANFARE
Writer(s): MOONEY, HAROLD "HAL" (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): [listed without publisher]
Title: UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL
Writer(s): MOONEY, HAROLD "HAL" (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): USI A MUSIC PUBLISHING (ASCAP)
c/o UNIVERSAL MUSIC CORPORATION
[++ see also: AMERICAN-INTERNATIONAL PICTURES logos above]
Title: REVUE EMBLEM
aka: UNIVERSAL CITY EMBLEM
aka: UNIVERSAL LOGO
aka: MCA THEME LOGO
aka: MCA TV LOGO
aka: MCA TV EXCLUSIVE DIST. LOGO
aka: MVA <sic> TV EXCLUSIVE DIST. LOGO
aka: DUCHESS LOGO
Writer(s): ESQUIVEL, JUAN GARCIA (BMI)
WILSON, STANLEY (USA 1) (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): DUCHESS MUSIC CORPORATION (BMI)
Copyright: Sep 2, 1960; Eu 638 227.
[a long thematic version was filed for copyright, but
usually it was the "hitch-hike" trailer version of 1958
heard at the end of shows released by Universal/MCA-TV]
Title: UNIVERSAL EMBLEM
Writer(s): RUGOLO, PETE (BMI)
Publisher(s): DUCHESS MUSIC CORPORATION (BMI)
Title: UNIVERSAL EMBLEM
Writer(s): MARSHALL, JACK (BMI)
Publisher(s): DUCHESS MUSIC CORPORATION (BMI)
Title: UNIVERSAL EMBLEM
aka: UNIVERSAL EMBLEM LOGO
Writer(s): JONES, QUINCY DELIGHT (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): LEEDS MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
[Later Pub.]: UNIVERSAL-ON BACKSTREET MUSIC CORPORATION (ASCAP)
Title: UNIVERSAL EMBLEM
Writer(s): PRINCE, ROBERT (BMI)
Publisher(s): DUCHESS MUSIC CORPORATION (BMI)
[Later Pub.]: DUCHESS/HAWAII MUSIC CORPORATION (BMI)
[It's possible that the above 4 are the shorter
"hitch-hike" arrangements of the Wilson/Esquivel
TV Emblem, which were heard in subsequent years.]
Title: UNIVERSAL LOGO (OPENING THEME)
aka: UNIVERSAL CITY EMBLEM
aka: UNIVERSAL PICTURE LOGO
Writer(s): HORNER, JAMES (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): MCA INC (ASCAP)
Title: MCA-TV EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTOR LOGO
Writer(s): HORNER, JAMES (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): MCA INC (ASCAP)
Title: MTE LOGO
aka: UNIVERSAL/MTE LOGO
Writer(s): KAPROFF, DANA (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): MCA INC (ASCAP)
Title: UNIVERSAL LOGO
Writer(s): WHITFIELD, NORMAN JESSE (BMI)
Publisher(s): DUCHESS-HAWAII S/A (BMI)
c/o DUCHESS MUSIC CORPORATION,
a div. of MCA MUSIC, INC.
of NEW YORK, NY; and
MAY TWELFTH MUSIC (BMI)
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: UNIVERSAL LOGO
Writer(s): GOLDSMITH, JERRALD ("JERRY") (BMI)
Publisher(s): SONGS OF UNIVERSAL, INC. (BMI)
c/o UNIVERSAL STUDIOS,
of LOS ANGELES, CA
[since the 1997 Universal Studios film
"The Lost World: Jurassic Park"(??)]
[++ see: PARAMOUNT STUDIOS logos above]
Title: VITAPHONE FANFARE Writer(s): DUNN, REX (ASCAP) Publisher(s): WITMARK, M & SON (ASCAP) Orig. Claimant: Music Publishers Holding Corp. Copyright Date: May 17, 1930; EU 21 975. Renewal Date: May 17, 1957; R 192 481.
Title: VITAPHONE FANFARE
Writer(s): DUNN, REX (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): M. WITMARK & SONS (ASCAP)
Orig. Claimant: Music Publishers Holding Corp.
Copyright Date: May 17, 1930; EU 21 975.
Renewal Date: May 17, 1957; R 192 481.
Title: WARNER BROTHERS SIGNATURE
(from the Main Title for the 1937 film "Tovarich")
aka: WARNER BROTHERS LOGO
Writer(s): STEINER, MAX (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): M. WITMARK & SONS (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: WARNER-PATHE NEWS
Writer(s): LAVA, WILLIAM B. ("BILL") (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): M. WITMARK & SONS (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
[for "Warner-Pathe News" newsreels]
Title: WARNER BROS. SHIELD SIGNATURE
Writer(s): DUNING, GEORGE W. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): M. WITMARK & SONS (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: W B SHIELD
Writer(s): PERKINS, FRANK S. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): M. WITMARK & SONS (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: NEW W B SHIELD NO. 1
Writer(s): COMSTOCK, FRANK G. (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): M. WITMARK & SONS (ASCAP)
c/o WARNER/CHAPPELL MUSIC, INC.
of LOS ANGELES, CA
Title: WB LOGO [probably the WB/UA LOGO SIGNATURE for
United Artists above]
Writer(s): BURKE, SONNY (ASCAP)
[professional name of Joseph Francis Burke]
Publisher(s): WB MUSIC CORP. (ASCAP)
Copyright Date: April 21, 1970, EU 176 463.
Title: SEVEN ARTS LOGO
Writer(s): SIEBERT, HARRY (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): CAROLCO MUSIC (ASCAP)
Title: WARNER BROS EMBLEM
Writer(s): SCOTT, PATRICK JOHN O HARA (PRS/BMI)
Publisher(s): WARNER-TAMERLANE PUBLISHING CO. (BMI)
Title: WOLPER SWIRL LOGO SIGNATURE
Writer(s): BERNSTEIN, ELMER (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): THE HERALD SQUARE MUSIC COMPANY (ASCAP),
c/o CARLIN AMERICA, INC.
Title: ZIV INTERNATIONAL LOGO (SIG) [circa 1976]
Writer(s): GIBBONS, MARK WILLIAM ("Bill") (ASCAP)
WINN, JERRY (ASCAP)
Publisher(s): MARILOR MUSIC (ASCAP)